Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Russian: born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion from 1975 to 1985 when he was defeated by Garry Kasparov. Karpov played three matches against Kasparov for the title from 1986 to 1990, before becoming FIDE World Champion once again after Kasparov broke away from FIDE in 1993. Karpov kept the title until 1999, when he resigned his title in protest against FIDEs new world championship rules.